Here mostly centrifugal type pumps are used. There are four basic methods where irrigation water may be applied to the crops, namely Surface irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Drip irrigation, and Subsurface irrigation methods. The soil also con- veys and distributes the water over the field. The main types of irrigation followed by farmers include: Surface Irrigation The vast majority of irrigation water use is pumped directly from a water source — river, creek, channel, drag-line, hole, dam or bore. These types of irrigation systems are practised based on the different types of soils, climates, crops and resources. Sub-Surface Irrigation, also sometimes known as drip irrigation (not to be confused with the above-ground drip irrigation), is an underground watering system that is usually buried 2-3 inches deep. There are numerous types of pumps designed for various purposes. There are many types of irrigation systems that I would be including in the next paragraph. Although expensive to install, sub-surface drip systems reduce the need to retrieve pipes, and may become more common as water becomes scarcer in South Africa. 3- Surface irrigation. Centrifugal Pumps. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Pumps commonly used for irrigation fall into two broad categories: Displacement Pumps and Centrifugal Pumps. Proper design of surface irrigation systems takes into account the soil type (texture and infiltration rate), slope, and levelness of the field, stream size, and length of run. When there are fields with uneven surface. These types of pumps are most commonly used worldwide. In this type, water does not actually wet the soil surface. In sprinkler irrigation the water is Surface Irrigation: In this technique water flows and spreads over the surface of the land. Within those categories there are sub-categories that further define the type of pump. Qualitative land evaluation for irrigation is generally based on interpretation of environmental characteristics, of which slope, soil and groundwater are the most important. Types of Pumps Dynamic Pumps. A Guide to Drip Irrigation. If a field is level in all directions, is encompassed by a dyke to prevent runoff, and provides an undirected flow of water onto the field, it is herein called a basin. Water used to irrigate crops and turf will often not return to the water course but will be taken up by the plant and returned into the atmosphere. Localized irrigation Water is distributed under low pressure, through a piped network and applied to each plant. Sprinkler irrigation offers a means of irrigating areas which are so irregular that they prevent use of any surface-irrigation methods. Soil requirements for irrigation. Dynamic pumps are classified into different types but some of them are discussed below like Centrifugal, Vertical centrifugal, Horizontal centrifugal, Submersible, and Fire hydrant systems. The first type is surface irrigation, which uses gravity to distribute water over the field. Pumps are used where the source of water for the field is at down stream (at lower altitude.) Water flows from an area of higher elevation downhill to reach all the crops. Leveling the fields and building the water ditches and reservoirs might be expensive, but once this is … Types of Surface Irrigation Systems This type of irrigation is mostly used on high-value crops. There are three general type of … Surface irrigation is one of the oldest irrigation techniques in the world and is still used the most out of all irrigation techniques across the globe. The leaf spot diseases can be prevented by using this method of irrigation as the leaves will be dry. Irrigation can impact upon the environment in two main ways; by depleting the surface and ground water resources and, secondly, by encouraging the leaching of nitrates from the soil to the ground water. (i) Natural sub-irrigation. Types of drip irrigation. 3. While there are various different forms of surface irrigation, it suffices to say that they take advantage of … Irrigation by Gravity Their many types available in drip irrigation here only two popular type is explained. The 1st page is at Pumps: Selecting-a pump step-by-step. When the soil is too porous for good distribution by surface irrigation. DESIGN OF SURFACE IRRIGATION, LECTURE SUPPORTING MATERIALS 3 Figure 2.1 Typical Irrigation System Components A surface irrigation event is composed of four phases as illustrated graphically in Figure 2.2. 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